Wednesday's comic

May. 6th, 2026 12:01 am
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https://www.girlgeniusonline.com/comic.php?date=20260506

An unexpected turn of events! (As is often the case.)

Books read, April 2026

May. 5th, 2026 05:40 pm
swan_tower: The Long Room library at Trinity College, Dublin (Long Room)
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Painted Devils, Margaret Owen. Second of the Little Thieves trilogy, which I started last month and promptly fell in love with.

Most trilogies, having clearly established a romantic relationship in the first book, would immediately start the second book by finding some way to break up the pair or otherwise put them on the outs with each other, so as to maintain some kind of tension in that plotline. I found it striking how thoroughly Owens does not do that: yes, there are multiple factors pushing the two of them apart, but they talk to each other and work through those problems and then a new problem comes along and they keep doing what it takes to deal with each one in turn. Meanwhile the plot has a fresh premise -- instead of trying to con her way to a fortune, Vanja has inadvertently created a cult -- and the structure gives that plot occasion to roam more widely than the single-city setting of the first book. The ending was the good sort of frustrating, where I yelled AUGH and then immediately checked out the third installment in ebook so I could run a search for a certain character's name and reassure myself that they show up enough in the story that I could hope for them to eat dirt the way I really wanted them to do. The only reason I didn't read the third book right away was my usual policy of trying to space out volumes of a series to keep from overdosing.

Ancient Night, David Bowles, ill. David Alvarez. I knew this was an illustrated book, but I didn't realize just how short it is. Very much a picture book rather than a book with pictures, relating a Mexican myth about the sun and the moon.

The Notebook: A History of Thinking on Paper, Roland Allen. This is the kind of oddball niche history I'm sometimes very much in a mood for. Allen does his best to approach the subject topically (rather than chronologically, which would be well-nigh useless), starting with things like the advent of accounting ledgers and ranging through how families, artists, musicians, naturalists, housewives, writers, and people dealing with traumatic experiences have used them for different purposes. He also touches on the effect of technology: the notebook itself is dependent on paper, but creating things like lined pages affected how people use them. And then in turn, of course, there's digital technology, which has reduced our use of notebooks -- reduced, but not eliminated. The final section delves briefly into the neuroscience of how devices like notebooks act as an accessory to the brain, effectively making part of it live outside our bodies.

Emperor of Rome: Ruling the Ancient Roman World, Mary Beard. As usual, Mary Beard is extremely readable -- even when, as is the case here, her topic is inherently fuzzy. This is not a chronological or biographical approach to individual Roman emperors, though those elements appear in passing; instead, it's an attempt to figure out what it meant to be the emperor of Rome.

This is harder than you might think to pin down, because there's a ton we simply do not and probably never will know, like how and where exactly the business of government was carried out. (We have vague outlines, but nothing resembling an org chart, or even a map of how the Palatine palace was used.) And when it comes to the emperors as people, Beard does a good job of outlining how the facts we know really add up more to an image of a "good emperor" or a "bad emperor" -- what they were expected to say and do and look like -- than the actual men behind those terms. I particularly liked her argument that the "good" or "bad" reputation had more to do with succession than the actual reign: if you were your predecessor's designated heir, you had a vested interest in depicting him as a benevolent ruler who made wise decisions, whereas if you came to the throne after a bloody civil war, it was much better for you to depict the previous guy as a corrupt and immoral bastard responsible for all that chaos. We have only shreds of contemporary sources to leaven the later hagiography or demonology, but Beard does the best she can to piece those shreds together into something like a more balanced image.

(Also, I got a poem out of this.)

Into the Riverlands, Nghi Vo. Third in the Singing Hills Cycle, though this is not a series that requires you to read them in order. I think this one might be my favorite so far, as Chih grapples with both violence and the fact that you can never know everything about a person. I do, however, continue to have the niggling feeling that I would like these novellas to be longer, so they can dig a little deeper into the tasty meat at hand. They don't need to be a hundred thousand words long -- that would probably overstay the welcome -- but the sort of short novel Tachyon publishes might be ideal.

A Lady Compromised, Darcie Wilde. Fourth in the Regency-set Rosalind Thorne mystery series, which is not the Useful Woman series about Rosalind Thorne. (I will probably at some point poke my nose into that one and see if it's a sequel series to this one or what.)

There's been enough of a gap since I read the previous ones that I can't say for sure if this packs an extra ten pounds of material into the sack, but that's definitely the impression I got. A duel that never happened because one combatant was murdered first, marital intrigues, ethnic tensions, land improvements, the possible rekindling of a romance, and a background strand of blackmail continued on from a previous book . . . it's a lot! I think the ending came together a touch too easily, but that's counterbalanced by characters being put through a brief physical and emotional wringer. Looks like there's one more after this, before I investigate that other series.

Fall of Civilizations: Stories of Greatness and Decline, Paul Cooper. Right at the outset, Cooper acknowledges that he's not trying to assemble a grand analytical theory of why civilizations collapse. (He defines that not as portions breaking away, a la decolonization, but as a full-on crash: population takes a nosedive, economy craters, cities are destroyed, etc.) I understand why not -- this is an outgrowth of his podcast, and goes into the box of "pop culture history underpinned by research" rather than a major academic work -- but it does mean that the component chapters are mostly just potted histories of the civilizations he's looking at, rather than anything deeper.

I don't mind the potted histories, though! Especially for the ones I'm not very familiar with. He divides the book into three sections: the ancient world (Sumerians, Late Bronze Age Collapse, Assyria, Carthage, Han China, Roman Britain), the middle age (Maya, Khmer, Byzantium, Vijayanagara), and "worlds collide" (Songhai, Aztecs, Inca, Easter Island). I should note, though, that where I am familiar with the material, I can see Cooper sometimes accepting a little too readily the standard line on a certain topic, only mentioning in passing -- or omitting entirely -- a more nuanced view. Having read Cline's After 1177 B.C. last fall, for example, I raised an eyebrow at Cooper crediting a "Dorian invasion" for the breakdown of Mycenean civilization during the Late Bronze Age Collapse -- despite Cline being one of the sources Cooper references here! And I read the Carthage chapter right after Bret Devereaux started his series of posts on Carthage, in which one of the first things he (I think convincingly) debunks is the notion, repeated here by Cooper, that Carthaginian citizens rarely fought as soldiers for their own land.

Which is to say, this is the kind of book that's a better starting point than a stopping point. But it's still an interesting starting point! I appreciate the breadth of its scope, and even if Cooper doesn't set out to do macro analysis, you can still see for yourself a number of patterns in the data. I did side-eye the ending a bit, though, where he first decries "doomerism" about our own situation . . . then proceeds to sketch out an extremely doomy scenario of what global civilizational collapse might look like.

(Got a poem out of this one, too. Though not that depressing last bit.)

The Iron Garden Sutra, A.D. Sui. I start a lot more SF novels than I finish, simply because a premise will sound interesting and then I remember that SF is not as much my cuppa as fantasy. Here, though, I was particularly interested in the monastic protagonist -- shocker, that's on my mind right now. Plus the scenario (investigating a derelict generation ship) lands squarely atop my interest in Big Dumb Object stories, so I was very much on board.

And I did enjoy it, though I think Vessel Iris was a little too dissociated from his own troubling emotions for me to be quite as gut-punched as I wanted to be about some of the developments. There's good in-story reason for it, but at times it started to feel like the narration was hiding information from me that the point of view knew for a little too long. Still, I will be keeping an eye out for the sequel -- which it does have, though this book wraps up fine if you don't mind ending on a bittersweet note.

The Outlaw’s Tale, Margaret Frazer. Third of the Dame Frevisse medieval mysteries. I know it's inevitable that sooner or later the story would move outside the convent, but I'm a little sad to see it happen so soon, as I enjoyed the exploration of what it was like to live under the Benedictine rule. Parts of that remain here -- Frevisse feels guilty when her investigation causes her to repeatedly miss scheduled prayers, and is extremely not okay with the prospect of being seen by a man while not dressed in her habit -- but it's not the same.

Frazer remains, however, interested in the textural details of life in that period, and in neither romanticizing them nor (to use a later SF/F term) being grimdark about them: things like how miserable it would be to live out in the woods when you can't even reliably keep the rain off your head. The premise here is that Frevisse's cousin, outlawed years ago for accidentally killing a man in a fight, wants her to leverage her connections to get him a pardon so he can stop being stuck with an outlaw's unromantic life.

I was a little startled to find how not sympathetic the cousin is. He's the kind of man who can turn on the charm for Frevisse (because he wants her help), but he's an asshole to everyone else. And so, when the murder inevitably happens -- something like halfway through the book! -- he's the natural suspect, which means (by the logic of murder mysteries) he's the second least likely culprit after Frevisse herself. I liked how that resolved in the end.

The Killing Spell, Shay Kauwe. I've been excited for this book ever since I met the author briefly at Worldcon! I knew from that conversation that it was about language-based magic, and specifically about the author's own experience with Hawaiian, which was enough to sell me on the premise; turns out that it delves into how different languages are suited to different kinds of magic, and furthermore that poetry is often integral to making spells work! So, yeah, sufficiently far up my alley that I might need to see a doctor about that . . .

This is a very post apocalyptic setting, but I appreciated that while the apocalypse clearly chimes with climate fiction, it's not straightforwardly mundane: an event called the Flood not only sank the Hawaiian Islands very rapidly, but brought magic back into the world. That was long enough ago that the U.S. has essentially collapsed, leaving city-states defending themselves against magical monsters; the Hawaiian survivors are clinging to semi-independent existence outside of an L.A. ruled by a council of magicians representing different approved languages.

Plot-wise, it's a murder mystery where the protagonist gets roped in because the victim seems to have been killed by a Hawaiian-language spell, but in a place very few people can access. It moves at the thriller/urban fantasy-type rapid clip where the characters don't get much breathing room between events -- which means there's not as much time as I would have liked spent on the art of smithing spells, whether that's Kea wrestling with a Russian-language spell sent awry by the lack of good rhymes for a crucial word, or attempting to create a new signature Hawaiian-language spell for her family so she can join the council of Hawaiian elders who rule their enclave. But then, I would quite happily have read entire chapters of that! So perhaps I am not the best judge. :-P It is still very much my kind of book, and I hope I'm right about the vibe I got from the ending, that this plot is done but there could be more in the future.

Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia, David Graeber, narr. Roger Davis. Probably I should not have listened to this one in ebook. I was lured in by its brief length (five hours; as Graeber says in the introduction, it's an overgrown chapter of another book split off on its own because "everybody hates a long chapter but loves a short book"), but given my complete lack of familiarity with Malagasy names, I might fared better in following the argument here if I could see names like Ratsimilaho and the Betsimisaraka.

Anyway, in the late seventeenth century there was supposedly a democratic pirate kingdom in Madagascar. Graeber's general thesis here is that while "Libertalia" as described never existed, the interaction of European pirate customs with local Malagasy culture -- in particular Malagasy women -- did lead to some interesting dynamics that he considers to be part of the global experiment in Enlightenment and democracy. But I am probably not doing the best job of summarizing that because, per the above, this was not an ideal thing for me to listen to rather than read on the page. What I followed of it, though, was interesting!

Holy Terrors, Margaret Owen. I decided enough of the month had passed for me to go ahead and read the third book. :-P

In this one the story goes full Holy Roman Empire, with an imperial election -- made more complicated by the fact that somebody is murdering the prince-electors. In tandem with that, Owen goes hard on the emotional front, complete with an interpersonal conflict not easily resolved because the problem at its foundation is not one that can be handwaved away. I very much liked how that got resolved in the end. And the metaphysical strand of the story also continues, with the fascinating problem that the Pfennigeist, the persona Vanja has been using for her less than legal activities, has earned enough fame that it's starting to exert its own force on her, whether she wants it to or not. So basically, allllllll the tasty things wrapped up in one excellent package! I highly recommend this to anybody who finds its subject matter appealing. (And the writing is good, too. There's so many good descriptions in here, and quips that heighten rather than kneecapping the emotional weight.)

Owen has another duology I will be eager to check out, once I've given myself another breather.

The Raven Scholar, Antonia Hodgson. More ravens than I was expecting, less scholarship -- but that's okay, because the ravens are great. (Or rather I should say, magnificent.)

Certain things about the premise here have a YA whiff to them, with basically everybody choosing one of eight animal deities to be their patron, and a competition among warrior representatives of each one to see who will be the next emperor. (Also, murder of a candidate: I didn't mean to read two novels about that back to back, but . . . I did.) However, Neema is not at all a teenager, and the plot gets into a lot more political complexity than I normally see in YA-ish competition tales -- generations' worth of it, in fact. I see why some reviews I saw commented on the number of plot twists along the way, but I didn't particularly mind.

Not quite everything here worked for me. I see why there's such a long opening section taking place years before the main action -- it's important that the people and events there carry more weight than a mere summary would be likely to give -- but it did odd things to the story's momentum, and the approach to point of view was not entirely successful for me, either. Hodgson is doing enough that's interesting, though, for me not to get hung up on the stumbles. I'd rather an author swing for the fences and maybe miss a few balls than play it safe all the time.

(originally posted at Swan Tower: https://is.gd/dCkKjj)

When We Were Real, by Daryl Gregory

May. 4th, 2026 12:06 pm
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One day everyone in the world woke up with these words in front of their eyes, somehow inscribed in their inner eye: YOU ARE LIVING IN A SIMULATION. Simultaneously, a number of impossible things appeared on Earth, apparently to prove it: a frozen tornado, windows between continents, etc.

It's now seven years later. Those words still appear before everyone's eyes periodically. And tours have sprung up to take people to see the Impossibles, or at least as many as can be seen on a seven-day bus trip.

This extremely high-concept premise resembles that of The Measure in some ways: a world-spanning event, clearly real and equally clearly done by a more-than-human power, with immense existential implications, and with no one having any idea why it happened or why it happened now. But this is Daryl Gregory and he's very good with bizarre high-concept premises, and this book is excellent.

The other genre of When We Were Real is "set of random people thrown together" story. A number of the characters are, at least on the surface, straight out of a 1930s train story or a 1970s airplane story: two nuns, a rabbi, a pregnant woman, an elderly woman in a wheelchair and her devoted daughter, a set of elderly tourists, a person who's secretly dying, a person with a secret identity, a fugitive from the law. The only stock character it's missing is the cute child.

The many characters are very human and likable, with even the most frustrating of them having reasons for being the way they are; the annoying pregnant influencer's reason for being an annoying influencer turns out to be both sympathetic and heartbreaking. (Yes, it's partly to provide for her upcoming baby, but the real question is "Why an influencer rather than some other job?")

Read more... )

The Impossibles themselves are excellent. My favorite was the time tunnel, where you can stay an infinite amount of subjective time (you get a home pulled out of your own history or desires, plus fresh-baked bread every morning) and emerge several hundred miles away, only a second having passed outside. But the flock of non-real sheep was pretty great too.

There's serious themes - existentialism, mortality, meaning, God, ethics, love - but delivered with a light touch. It's more plotty than I expected, given the quest/picaresque structure, and the story is very satisfying. You don't get answers to all the questions, but you do get a general outline as to what's going on and why. It's a very human and humane novel, of the moment but in a good way.

Content notes: Cancer. Plans for suicide due to terminal illness. Pregnancy and birthing issues. Violence.

making asaí (açai) juice

May. 3rd, 2026 06:51 pm
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[personal profile] asakiyume
One thing I'd wanted to do on this trip is make asaí (or in English we write it açai, from the Portuguese, because Brazil is the major exporter) juice. It's a good physical effort, but the whole thing went faster than I thought it would. It was me, my tutor's older brother, and her mom doing it, with her doing the videography and photos :-)

The first step is to soak the asaí berries. Here they are with hot water poured over them.



Then you pound them! The pounder was made by my tutor's mother from palo de sangre, bloodwood, which really does bleed red sap when you cut it (and is a lovely deep red color when carved). You pound until the pounder makes a sound like a boot pulling out of the mud when you lift it. At that point it's pounded enough. My tutor's brother and I took turns with this ;-)



Then you pass that mash through this sieve, which is called cuechinu in Tikuna, and was also made by my tutor's mom.



And then you further strain it through a very fine strainer. The hands belong to my tutor's mom:



And then ... you can drink it :-) I had mine with sugar. Looking very pleased with myself BECAUSE I WAS.

May Day Full Flower Moon.

May. 2nd, 2026 03:10 pm
full_metal_ox: GIF of Wei Wuxian playing his flute against the full moon, orbited by crows. (Yiling Laozu)
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Taken at 22:25 Eastern US Daylight Time over the parking lot joining Winn-Dixie and a local hotel, the latter outlined by its lights.

Once again, the photo doesn’t reflect what my corrective-lensed eyes actually saw—a serenely luminous disc the pale yellow of Muenster cheese—but the image is stark and dramatic. The lens flare on my cheap-ass burner phone made it resemble a black star sapphire (or, to read the image as suitably floral and local, a spider lily):



(I wasn’t the only one prowling this clear moonlit tropical night in search of food; two of the Burrowing Owls at my apartment complex were out hunting on the side lawn, as a third stood perched at the nest; this represents a full year of continuous occupancy and breeding, reflecting how safe they must feel here. They squawked at my approach, but did not hiss.)
rachelmanija: (Books: old)
[personal profile] rachelmanija


This picks up when Danny's been Dreadnought for a while, and is getting a bit too into the violent aspects of the job. This aspect is quite well done - you understand what's going on with her, but it actually is a bit unsettling. Also, Valkyrja reappears, sort of; an evil techbro wreaks havoc; a TERF is threatening the world; and Danny works on her relationships.

I liked this more than the first book. Danny developed as a character and spent a lot less time being abused by transphobes. I'll grab the third book when it comes out.




The sequel isn't as good as the first book, unfortunately. I'd have been happy with more of Zax, Minna, and Vicky exploring the multiverse, but this book is much more plot-driven and Minna and Vicky only show up three-quarters of the way through. Half or more of the book is narrated by a new character whose identity I'll leave out as it's spoilery for the first book. She was fine as a character but her storyline was less interesting. Zax gets a new companion, and I did quite enjoy his adventures with her. I also enjoyed Minna and Vicky when they finally appeared.

But the plot-driven parts were less interesting, and the structure was really odd and not in a way that benefited the book. Instead of picking up where the first book left off, we get a retrospective summary of what happened some time after that point, then we get the entire backstory of the non-Zax narrator bringing her up to the point where she meets Zax in the first book, then it jumps forward and we get what's happening to her now, then we catch up with what Zax is doing now, and then, about three quarters of the way in, we finally get the story of what happened immediately after the first book left off. I think it would have worked better to tell the story more linearly. And also, to have much more Minna.

It's not a bad book and it does have some really good parts, but there are some baffling choices made.

Recent Reading: Together in Manzanar

May. 2nd, 2026 09:16 am
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It seems timely to read about America’s past experience with unjust detention of people based on perceived threats to national security, so last night I finished Together in Manzanar by Tracy Slater, a true story about one of the families in a Japanese internment camp during WWII. The situation of the Yonedas was somewhat unusual as they were a mixed-race family—Karl Yoneda was a Japanese-American citizen and his wife Elaine was white and Jewish.

The Yonedas make for a very interesting case study in what happened in the camps because a) their mixed-race family status (including their 3-year-old son, Tommy) made it clear how little the American military had really thought about this plan, given how thrown-off they were by the mere existence of mixed-raced families; and b) Karl and Elaine had been vocal social activists well before they were imprisoned in the Manzanar camp, speaking up for labor rights, racial justice, and participating in Communist advocacy. They had the language, tools, and knowledge to speak up and speak out, and they did.

Slater has done her research and provides a thorough list of sources at the end of the book, which include interviews with the Yonedas’ grandchildren as well as their own diaries and news clippings.

Together in Manzanar provides an in-depth look at the politics within the Japanese-American community at this time, both leading up to the camps and within. It ably tackles the question of “Why did they go? Why wasn’t there resistance?” (There was.) For the Yonedas in particular, the importance of an Axis defeat was difficult to overstate: as horror stories of German atrocities in Europe began to trickle out, they knew that a German or Japanese take-over of the United States would almost undoubtedly lead to Elaine and their son Tommy going into a death camp.

It provides a three-dimensional look at the discussions on the ground at the time, as well as following up with details from interviews Karl and Elaine gave many years later reflecting back on their statements and advocacy at the time.

I wasn’t a huge fan of the writing style, but this is one of those books you read for content, not style. It jumps around from perspectives in a way that’s occasionally confusing, but I also appreciated getting some more background information on some of those in the camp who opposed the Yonedas’ view on cooperating with the US government. Slater does a good job showing how each person highlighted got to their perspective and why the tension both within the camps and in the world generally at the time put everyone so on edge.

The book is also helpful for reminding us of the names of the hateful racists (architect Karl Bendetsen) who propagated this plan and then later tried to lie about why it was implemented or how bad it was. It’s also a useful reminder that when these people were released, they didn’t get to just waltz back into the lives they had been living before being imprisoned. Many of them were forcibly resettled further into the US, away from the coastal cities where they had lived, and forced to restart their lives from scratch, away from their communities and businesses.

It just seemed like a particularly relevant time to remember this.


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Yesterday on a lovely walk through then neighborhood I reached the end of The Last Hour Between Worlds by Melissa Caruso. This is fantasy/action novel, set in a world in “prime” reality, beneath which sits ever-descending “echo” layers of reality. The further down you go, the stranger and more dangerous things get. At a New Year’s party, things get unexpectedly tricky when the entire party is pulled down through the echoes.

Our protagonist is Kembral Thorne, a “hound” whose job is to retrieve people, animals, and other things that are pulled or “fall” into the echoes. This party is Kem’s first step back into society after having her first baby two months earlier.

Of course, when things start going wrong, Kem can’t help but get involved. It’s her job.

I’ll say again, I do love queer lit with adults. YA is great and I’m so happy that teens today have access to so much queer lit, but online queer book recs can skew very YA. Here, Kem is very much someone at least in her thirties—she’s got a baby, she’s reached a senior role in her career, and her concerns reflect this position in her life. While she and her quasi-rival Rika have the sort of skittish interactions you might expect from people who are into each other and unwilling to admit they are into each other, they don’t reach the level of comic avoidance or overwrought drama of teens or young adults.

I liked the ebb and flow of Kem and Rika’s relationship. These are two people who already have history and have kind of already had their big, relationship-ending squabble before we even get to this party, which is fun to unravel over the course of the evening. They have some cute moments, some artificially-amplified angst, but are generally enjoyable.

The worldbuilding here is fine. It’s serviceable for what the novel is doing, but we don’t really get a look at much else outside of the party except when Kem ventures out into the echoes, which becomes increasingly less frequent as they descend. There’s some fun stuff, some spooky stuff, some aesthetic stuff.

The book pushes a little hard on maintaining the status quo when the status quo isn’t that great (I think it could have made this more believable with more discussion, but the book is really more about the action than the political debate) and I did think one character’s fate was a cop-out, especially given the former. Violent change to the system is wrong but we’ll all shrug and smile when this criminal we couldn’t nail down conveniently dies without a trial.

On the whole, I enjoyed this one, but it’s nothing earth-shattering. I put the next book on my TBR though because I do want to see what Rika and Kem get up to next.


Turbulence, by David Szalay

May. 1st, 2026 03:12 pm
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A modern take on La Ronde: a novel in the form of twelve short stories linked by airplane trips. Each has a main character who meets the main character of the next story. A pilot has a brief fling with a journalist in Brazil; the journalist flies to Toronto to interview a writer; the writer flies to Seattle where she meets two of her fans; one of the fans flies to Hong Kong, and so forth.

The blurb says each meeting causes a ripple effect as they change each other's lives, but that's not actually what happens in many of them. Some are minor chance encounters, some are present at a crucial moment in someone else's life but don't directly affect it, and some are important encounters but those are the ones where the people have pre-existing relationships. Most of the characters are disconnected, discontented, and lonely, despite the literal connections they have in a six degrees of separation way; the only character who seems happy and is focused on the people they love is about to get hit with a terrible tragedy that's someone else's traffic delay.

As we go from person to person, we get to see the characters from different angles, and understand things about them that others don't. The pilot, who in his story was wondering what would have happened if his younger sister hadn't died in a childhood accent, asks his one night stand how old she is. She says 33, which is the age his sister would have been. But she has no idea of any of this, and when he doesn't reply she thinks he's fallen asleep.

There's an impressively diverse set of locales and characters, sketched-in but real-feeling; I knew we were in Delhi before it was stated just from the description of the air. The emotional tenor is a bit distanced and chilly. Overall it reminded me of Raymond Carver, but with less striking prose.

Szalay won last year's Booker Prize for Flesh, a novel which sounds really unappealing.

New Worlds: Suburban Sprawl

May. 1st, 2026 08:06 am
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Suburbs are such a characteristic feature of the twentieth century, especially here in the United States, that you'd be forgiven for assuming they're a wholly modern phenomenon. In fact, the general concept of "not quite in the city, but very much associated with it" is very old; it's just the scale and to some extent the organization of it that changes.

And it isn't hard to see why. Cities are, by nature, going to be noisier, smellier, and more crowded than the countryside; because of that, it's practically a universal law that rich people will want to get away from them -- but not too far away. They'll maintain villas or equivalent just outside the city walls, within easy distance so they can go in for an afternoon or a day, then retire to more comfortable surroundings at night. They get all the economic and political benefits of being close to where the action is, without subjecting themselves to too many of the downsides.

Living outside the city isn't only for the rich, though. Most pre-modern cities are going to have vegetable gardens and/or dairy farms outside their walls, which means they'll probably also have the houses of the people tending those gardens and farms, and it isn't uncommon for those to nucleate slightly into villages. After all, you don't want to have to walk into the city for everything; much more convenient to have your parish church and local alehouse (or regional equivalents) closer at hand.

These things don't form evenly. If you look at early modern maps -- which are usually the first point at which we can see anything like accurate visual representation -- they very much tend to string out along the major roads leading to and from the city. That's because they also serve the function of catering to travelers, who might prefer to lodge just outside the city rather than in its (noisy, smelly, crowded) heart. Or the outskirts are where those travelers leave their horses and carriages, rather than trying to wrangle such things in tighter confines. Or they pause to eat and freshen up, then continue on in. The city winds up looking like an octopus, with legs stretching in all directions.

But that's the thin end of the suburban wedge -- the sort of thing called a fauborg in French, with the English "fore-town" being a less common equivalent. (A "suburb" is "below the city," and reflects the tendency to build fortified towns on hilltops, meaning that their outlying settlements are literally below them.) So long as urban populations remain small, so will their penumbra.

As soon as something causes the city to boom, though, it's going to have growing pains. Maybe the capital shifts there, or a war causes refugees to flood in, or famine and economic disaster hit the countryside, or industrialization creates a huge new demand for labor. Suddenly you have a lot more people, and the very pressing question of where to put them. Are existing sites in the city sufficient to take in these people? And even if the answer is "yes," will they? Especially if the influx consists of refugees and penniless migrants, local establishments may not want to rent to them, or local government may forbid them to settle within the city's bounds.

Since those people still want to be in or near the city, though, they're going to crowd as close as they can get -- and I do mean crowd. The kind of shanty town that springs up in these circumstances usually has an insanely high population density, not least because the kind of people shoved out to the margins don't have a lot of money to spend on construction. The buildings may barely even merit the name, being a conglomeration of tents, lean-tos, and whatever makeshift materials can be pressed into service, or shoddy walls and roofs thrown up in a hurry that may come down even faster. There's little to no infrastructure, and because these places are frequently outside the official authority of the city, there's little to no governance. Disease and crime are extremely high -- but the people who live there can't just afford to pack up and go somewhere else. They have no choice but to cope.

Until, of course, something else intervenes. Quite frequently that is fire: all it takes is one spark and a place like this is liable to go up in flames. Then, since the people who lived there almost certainly have no legal title to the land, it's easy for someone else to snap that up, or for whoever owned it in the first place to seize their chance to evict everyone en masse. The area is unlikely to revert to green field pastoralism, though, because by now you're no longer looking at a modest little city supplied by its neighboring vegetable gardens. If the settlement has grown enough to have this kind of extramural slum, odds are very good that it will also grow straight into the space left behind: gentrification by fire.

Throw all of these factors into a pot together, and you get the process by which a city grows. I used the term "extramural" there very deliberately, because in any society without efficient artillery or equivalent, most cities are going to be walled, and these elite houses, neighboring villages, and suburban slums are outside that line. But walls aren't a one-and-done affair; new ones may be built farther out, with or without demolishing the older version first. If you look at the historical geography of Constantinople, you'll find a steady march up the peninsula on which the city sits, with the Severan Wall enclosing a modest area, the Constantinian Wall significantly farther out, and the famous Theodosian Walls farther still. You can track the growth of the city by how much later rulers felt needed to be protected.

Or cities can grow without moving their walls. London and Westminster were separate settlements about two miles (three kilometers) apart, but a lot of business was in London while much of the work of government was in Westminster. When an enterprising earl received a chunk of the land between them in the mid-sixteenth century, he deliberately constructed a fashionable area -- now Covent Garden Square -- to attract the kind of rich tenants who might be regularly visiting both places. It was the prototype of a later building spree that created the West End we see today, part and parcel of how for the last two or three hundred years, London has been steadily absorbing those and all the smaller towns around it. Nor is it the only one: many other cities worldwide have sprawled to an enormous footprint many times larger than their original cores.

What's different about modern suburbs -- especially in the U.S. -- is that they're often entirely new construction, along the lines of Covent Garden, with developers creating communities out of whole cloth. Or perhaps I shouldn't say "communities," because that implies a kind of social fabric that rarely exists there. Many of these places get referred to with phrases like "bedroom town," pointing at the way residents are expected to sleep but not really live there. The worst of them have few if any local businesses, so that you have to conduct all your shopping, doctor's visits, and outside entertainments somewhere else.

But to get that kind of suburb, you need something else in the mix: transportation. And that's next week's essay!

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(originally posted at Swan Tower: https://is.gd/4alWQd)
marycatelli: (Golden Hair)
[personal profile] marycatelli posting in [community profile] books
The Perks of Being an S-Class Heroine, Vol. 7 by Grrr and Irinbi

The tale continues. Mid-cliffhanger, so spoiler warning for the earlier volumes

Read more... )
marycatelli: (Golden Hair)
[personal profile] marycatelli posting in [community profile] book_love
The Perks of Being an S-Class Heroine, Vol. 7 by Grrr and Irinbi

The tale continues. Mid-cliffhanger, so spoiler warning for the earlier volumes

Read more... )

Post Storm Sunset

Apr. 30th, 2026 01:12 pm
yourlibrarian: TIE fighter Sunset (NAT-TIEfighterSunset-fuesch)
[personal profile] yourlibrarian posting in [community profile] common_nature


We had some severe storms come through our area this week, and had tornado sirens going off both in the morning and evening. Luckily the first set of storms had a mild tornado farther south of us. The second set had a potential formation going over us but luckily nothing actually came together and we only got a bit of hail.

Read more... )

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